There are two sorts of independently arranged courses for credit at Harvard: an independent study course, graded Pass/Fail; and a reading and research course, known as a 91r, which is letter-graded. Independent study, graded Pass/Fail, must be supervised by a voting member of the faculty (i.e., someone with an appointment of assistant professor or higher). If you wish to take an independent study with a teaching fellow or lecturer, the Chair of the Department must co-sign your petition. Pass/Fail independent studies, however, do not count towards Social Studies requirements.

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If you are transferring from history or a social science department, then Social Studies will count the tutorial for Social Studies credit, just as we count all courses taken in those departments. No other sophomore tutorial, however, will exempt a student from taking Social Studies 10.